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IEA Global Hydrogen Review 2025

International Energy Agency Global Hydrogen Review 2025

The hydrogen sector is growing despite persistent barriers and project delays.

✅ Key Takeaways from the IEA Global Hydrogen Review 2025:

1️⃣ Global demand continues to rise

Hydrogen demand reached 100 Mt in 2024, up 2% from 2023.
Fossil fuels still dominate supply: 290 bcm natural gas and 90 Mtce coal equivalent.
Low-emissions hydrogen grew 10% in 2024, but remains <1% of total production.

2️⃣ Project delays and cancellations

Uptake of low-emissions hydrogen lags behind ambitions due to high costs, regulatory uncertainty, and slow infrastructure development.
The sector shows signs of maturity: 200+ low-emissions projects received FIDs since 2020, up from just a few demonstration projects.
Innovation across the value chain is strong.

3️⃣ Production outlook to 2030

Announced low-emissions projects have decreased from 49 Mtpa to 37 Mtpa due to delays and cancellations, mainly in electrolysis.
However, operational projects and projects reached FIDs could deliver 4.2 Mtpa by 2030, a fivefold increase from 2024.
An additional 6 Mtpa could come online by 2030 if effective policies and offtake mechanisms are implemented.

4️⃣ Costs and competitiveness

The cost gap between low-emissions hydrogen and fossil-based production remains a challenge, though expected to narrow by 2030.
China and Europe could see cost-competitive renewable hydrogen.
In the US and Middle East, CCUS for producing low-emissions hydrogen may remain more competitive in the near term.

5️⃣ Policy and demand signals

Momentum for hydrogen offtake agreements slowed in 2024: 1.7 Mtpa signed vs. 2.4 Mtpa in 2023.
Most agreements remain in refining, chemicals, shipping, and some aviation.
Policies to create demand are progressing but full impact will depend on implementation.

Global Hydrogen Review Summary Progress: Production, Electrolyser installed capacity, Announced electrolyser projects by 2030, Electrolyser manufacturing capacity, Announced electrolyser manufacturing capacity by 2030, Policies and Investment

Figure: Global Hydrogen Review Summary Progress

➡️ Source: Global Hydrogen Review 2025

Posted By : admin 9 Sep, 2025

Global clean hydrogen projects

Figure: Global clean hydrogen projects by project status

Source: Hydrogen Council & McKinsey Project & Investment Tracker, as of December 2020, May 2022, May 2024 and July 2025

The global hydrogen sector is evolving, and this image from the Global Hydrogen Compass 2025, published by Hydrogen Council, illustrates the current landscape.

✅ Key Takeaways:

📌 The clean hydrogen project pipeline now includes 1,749 projects, of which 510 are committed —meaning they have taken FID, started construction, or begun operation. Over 80 projects were added in the past year.

📌 The overall hydrogen project pipeline has grown 7.5 times since 2020, with 214 net new projects added since May 2024, despite a slowdown in announcements.

📌 Europe leads in the number of projects with commercial operation dates (CODs) by 2030, followed by North America and China.

📌 Around 70% of committed projects are renewable, with just under half located in Europe.

📌 While Europe focuses on developing infrastructure and demand centers for an import-oriented hydrogen industry, China’s renewable projects are on average 10 times larger.

📌 A higher share of Chinese projects (50%) are already FID+ compared to Europe (30%) and North America (35%). Early-stage projects in China may be undercounted due to lower public visibility.

➡️ Source: Global Hydrogen Compass 2025, Hydrogen Council

Posted By : admin 8 Sep, 2025

World Hydrogen Week in Copenhagen

I’m excited to be speaking at World Hydrogen Week in Copenhagen from 6–10 October 2025!

I would be delighted to meet with you on 8–9 October, please don’t hesitate to reach out to arrange a meeting.

Join the largest community of senior hydrogen professionals from across the value chain and be part of the hydrogen revolution!

Find out more and register here: World Hydrogen Week 2025

Posted By : admin 1 Sep, 2025

Case studies on hydrogen produced from biomass

The new report “Synergies of green hydrogen and biobased value chains deployment. Report WP2: Case studies on hydrogen produced from biomass” was released by the Inter-Task Project Synergies of Green Hydrogen and Biobased Value Chains.

The report explores technology options for producing biomass-based hydrogen (biohydrogen) and their respective technology readiness levels.

✅ Regulatory context

It is important to underline that biohydrogen does not qualify as renewable hydrogen or renewable fuel of non-biological origin (RFNBO) under the Renewable Energy Directive (RED III), since biomass is explicitly excluded from the definition of RFNBO.
RED III: ‘renewable fuels of non-biological origin’ means liquid and gaseous fuels the energy content of which is derived from renewable sources other than biomass;
Nevertheless, the report provides valuable insights into how different biomass conversion technologies could contribute to hydrogen and commodity production.

Figure: Main conversion processes to produce hydrogen from biomass sources (based on Buffi et.al 2022)

Source: Report “Synergies of green hydrogen and biobased value chains deployment”

☑️ Key findings of the report

Biohydrogen can be produced through several conversion routes, using a wide range of biogenic feedstocks.
Feedstock options vary from low-grade materials (wastewater, forestry and agricultural residues) to higher quality feedstocks (bioethanol, biomethane).
Many production concepts deliver additional co-products, such as biochar, biocarbon, or biomethane, and in some cases CO₂ streams that could enable negative emissions.
Case studies provide detailed assessments of technology readiness, economic fundamentals, climate impacts, and their potential role in the energy system.

✅ Status of development

All production concepts examined remain at the development stage (TRL 4–7) and none has yet reached full commercialization.
The report highlights both the opportunities and the barriers for scaling these technologies.

☑️ Takeaway

While biohydrogen will not play a role in fulfilling RED III targets for RFNBO, it may provide complementary pathways for decarbonisation and resource efficiency, particularly if integrated into biobased value chains with multiple outputs.

➡️ Source: Report “Synergies of green hydrogen and biobased value chains deployment”

Posted By : admin 27 Aug, 2025

Potential for hydrogen trade

Figure: Percentage of demand for hydrogen and related commodities met by imports

Source: The potential for green hydrogen and related commodities trade

🌍 Around 20% of global hydrogen demand is expected to be met through international trade – with the remaining 80% produced locally, according to the International Renewable Energy Agency.

✅ But the picture varies significantly across regions:

Japan & South Korea may import up to 90% of their green hydrogen needs.
EU expects imports to cover around 30%.
Canada foresees only about 4% reliance on imports.

These differences underline the importance of tailored policies and strategies to match each country’s energy landscape.

➡️ Source: IRENA (2025), Analysis of the potential for green hydrogen and related commodities trade, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi.

Posted By : admin 21 Aug, 2025

Pacific Northwest Low-Carbon Hydrogen Analysis

Low-Carbon Hydrogen Analysis. Federal Initiatives across the Canada and the United States. Canada and United States support initiatives and value chain applicability

Figure: Canada and United States support initiatives and value chain applicability

Source: New report: Pacific Northwest Low-Carbon Hydrogen Analysis

Pacific Northwest Low-Carbon Hydrogen Analysis, published by The Pacific Northwest Economic Region (PNWER), provides a comprehensive view of supply, demand and trade opportunities for low-carbon hydrogen between the US and Canada.

✅ Some takeaways

📌 Canada:

has a total of 19 direct or indirect support programs available to accelerate the development and deployment of hydrogen technologies and industry across the value chain.
Tax measures such as the Clean Hydrogen Investment Tax Credit (ITC), Clean Technology ITC, Clean Technology Manufacturing ITC, and the Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) ITC are complemented by funding programs such as the Clean Fuels Fund and Strategic Innovation Fund – Net-Zero Accelerator.

📌 The US:

has a total of 34 direct or indirect federal programs and initiatives across multiple national departments and agencies, which enable the use of hydrogen across the value chain.
The US Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) mandates the blending of renewable fuels into the supply of transportation fuels, with an aim at reducing overall GHG emissions from the sector. While the RFS primarily focuses on biofuels, it also includes provisions for hydrogen derived from renewable feedstocks, like biomass, which generates an economic incentive for the transportation sector to include low-carbon hydrogen in its pathways to decarbonization.

➡️ Source: New report: Pacific Northwest Low-Carbon Hydrogen Analysis

Posted By : admin 20 Aug, 2025

African Green Hydrogen Report

African Green Hydrogen Report, published by GIZ, is available via this link.

✅ Some key takeaways

📌 Export Potential:

Several African countries are developing ambitious green hydrogen export strategies aimed at European and Asian markets.
Tunisia, Namibia, Morocco, Egypt, and South Africa aim to have annual exports of more than 20 million tons of green hydrogen equivalent by 2050.

📌 Policy and regulation:

By February 2025, eight African countries – Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, Mauritania, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa and Tunisia – have adopted hydrogen strategies and/or roadmaps.
Main challenge is a lack of the required comprehensive regulatory frameworks to translate these strategies into action.

📌 Financing projects:

Almost 80% of the public funding for GH2 projects in Africa came from Europe, with Germany accounting for 13% of total funding.
Only a small fraction of announced large-scale African hydrogen projects have reached final investment decisions.

📌 Sustainability considerations:

Electricity and water sustainability are key concerns for green hydrogen projects, particularly in arid regions.
As environmental standards evolve, emerging certification schemes demand strict water use, land access, and emissions compliance.

Posted By : admin 19 Aug, 2025

Roundtable Discussion: Green Hydrogen, Equal Opportunities

I will be joining as a speaker at this important event: 🌍 Roundtable Discussion: Green Hydrogen, Equal Opportunities!

This roundtable organized by the H2-diplo – Decarbonization Diplomacy in close cooperation with the Women’s Energy Club of Ukraine. We will discuss the role of women in shaping the green hydrogen sector and the development of this emerging industry.

I look forward to contributing to the dialogue and hearing diverse perspectives on how Ukraine can leverage hydrogen for both its energy transition and equal opportunities.

🔎The agenda will include an introduction to the green hydrogen sector and recent related research on Ukraine with inputs from different experts. Following this, a special focus will be put on how the development of a new sector can open doors for women and their career growth with women sharing their own experiences. Eventually, all participants are invited to share their perspectives on the potential of the green hydrogen sector in Ukraine and on what is needed to make it long-lasting, inclusive, and sustainable.

📅 28 August 2025
🕚 10:00 – 13:30 EEST (09:00 – 12:30 CEST)
📌 Location: Online

👉 Register now here.

Posted By : admin 4 Aug, 2025

Annual Energy Outlook 2025

Long-term projections: total hydrogen supplied to market, 2023-2050, hydrogen produced via steam methane reforming, 2023-2050

Figure: Long-term projections for supply and production of hydrogen

Source: Annual Energy Outlook 2025

According to the latest Annual Energy Outlook 2025 by the U.S. Energy Information Administration, even when accounting for the IRA incentives prior to the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act”, hydrogen produced from natural gas remains dominated in the long-term outlook.

📊 By 2050, the majority of H2 in the U.S. is projected to be produced from natural gas via steam methane reforming (SMR). Less than 1% is expected to come from electrolyzers, despite supportive policies.

➡️ Full analysis: Natural gas remains the largest source of hydrogen in our long-term projections

Yet, this contrasts with the vision laid out in the U.S. National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap, which foresees a more diverse production mix — including electrolysis, fossil-based hydrogen with CCS, and biomass/waste-derived hydrogen, playing key roles through at least 2050.

The key takeaway: Ambition and reality are still not fully aligned, when it comes to scaling up green hydrogen.

➡️ Source: U.S. National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap

Posted By : admin 31 Jul, 2025

EU Hydrogen Auction

Hydrogen Bank. Innovation Fund IF25 Hydrogen Auction. Draft Terms and Conditions

📢 New EU Hydrogen Auction – Draft Terms & Conditions Open for Feedback

The European Commission has published the draft Terms & Conditions (T&Cs) for the IF25 Hydrogen Auction, the third call under the European Hydrogen Bank, set to launch by the end of 2025.

☑️ What’s new in this round?

Proposed Budget: EUR 1.1 billion, split across three topics:

Topic 1: EUR 400 million – RFNBO and/or electrolytic low-carbon hydrogen
Topic 2: EUR 400 million – RFNBO hydrogen only
Topic 3: EUR 200 million – RFNBO and/or electrolytic low-carbon hydrogen for maritime applications

☑️ Key Updates:

📌 Broader Scope: Support extended to include electrolytic low-carbon hydrogen alongside RFNBOs

📌 Electrolyser Resilience: Aligned with the NZIA Implementing Act (C(2025) 2900), simplifying some earlier resilience criteria

📌 Environmental Screening: New evaluation against Do-No-Significant-Harm (DNSH) principles

📌 No Double Funding: Projects already funded under the Innovation Fund or other EU sources are not eligible

📌 Electricity Sourcing Plan: Projects must show a credible strategy for sourcing 100% of required electricity. For low-carbon hydrogen, at least 60% of non-renewable input must meet the 70% emissions savings threshold defined in Directive (EU) 2024/1788.

➡️ What’s next?

Stakeholder feedback will be gathered through the consultation
Feedback will be incorporated into the final design of the auction
The final version of T&Cs will be published with the auction launch in Q4 2025

🗓 Feedback deadline: 14 September 2025

📄 Draft Terms & Conditions available here: Innovation Fund IF25 Hydrogen Auction. Draft Terms and Conditions

💬 Provide feedback here: IF25 Auction – Draft T&Cs public consultation

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